Alzheimer’s disease Essay Example for Free

Alzheimer’s disease Essay #1 Make Observation What causes Alzheimer’s disease neurologically? This question came to my mind when I was watching the movie ‘The Notebook’ for the fifth time. Unusual for a guy, I love romantic genre movies and I was wondering why Alzheimer causes short and long term memory loss. I also had an interest on the Alzheimer’s disease after watching the movie ‘Rise of the Planet of the Apes’ where the protagonist tries to fix the neurology nerve system to heal his father’s Alzheimer. #2 Ask Question What causes Alzheimer’s disease neurologically? #3 Create possible explanation I think the core reason of the Alzheimer’s disease lie on the nerve pathway signal transmission. I think the nerve pathway signal transmission system is same as all of the body functional system and as it grows older and older, the functioning of the specific nerve pathway signal transmission for memories weakens and decreases. #4 Making predictions based on this model If the problem of the Alzheimer’s disease is in the nerve pathway signal transmission, then the Alzheimer’s disease is indeed a neurological problem. If we can find out the way to re-ignite the signal or heal the receiving or sending parts of the neurological nerve signal system, then we will be able to delay the process of the disease or even fix it permanently. #5 Test with controls I do not know the system of the central neurological nerve system of the human nor the treatment of the Alzheimer’s disease. However, to find out numerous people with and without the disease should complete the cause of the Alzheimer’s disease. Run a MRI test on brain of the participants and compare the MRI results with the people with and without the Alzheimer’s disease. If it shows some difference showing the weakening or decreasing of the nerve pathway signal transmission then we can conclude that the neurological nerve pathway signal transmission is the cause of the Alzheimer’s disease. However, we can’t be sure that that is the only causes of the Alzheimer’s disease so we will have to create more experiments. #6 Exploration Alzheimer disease is a neurological disease and it is one of the many forms of dementia. The researches says that the Alzheimer’s disease is the most common form of dementia since its percentage is over half of the total dementia cases. My question was ‘what causes the Alzheimer’s disease neurologically?’ so I decided to first go research about the neuroscience of the human body since the Alzheimer’s disease is primarily the degenerating of the signal pathway system in the brain. The human have a special cell called the neurons in the nervous system and these cells communicate with other cells by synapses. This is the most basic difference between a normal cell and a neuron. Synapses signal can be either chemical or electrical and they are just membrane-to-membrane junctions with such molecular machinery that produces rapid transmission of signals. There isn’t just one neuron in human. In fact, there are hundreds of different types with differ ent functions and shapes. So all these information led me to an another question of ‘what kind of neurons are related to the Alzheimer’s disease?’ I found out that Alzheimer’s kills neurons due to the accumulation of proteins in the brain. That is why the Alzheimer’s diseases are called the neurodegenerative diseases. I couldn’t specifically find the exact neurons that are related to the Alzheimer’s disease but I found out that the Alzheimer’s kills these neurons in the brain by proteinaceous plaques. An article by ‘Journal of Neuroscience’ did a research on A-beta, a peptide that surrounds the dying neurons in certain regions of the brain. The research said they weren’t sure if the A-Beta is the protein that kills the neurons. A-Beta becomes toxic when it forms an oligomer. Oligomer means a molecule that consists of a few monomer units. A-Beta oligomers are bad for neurons because it causes the neurons to re-enter the cell cycle. This is bad because once the brain neurons become adult cells, these are not supposed to divide. This is why neuronal cancers are very rare because the neurons cells don’t divide once it reaches adulthood. Then the articles went into deeper matters with mouse models so I stopped my research of A-Beta here. It says that the cause for the Alzheimer’s disease is essentially unknown and all of these researches are part of the hypotheses. There are many hypotheses including the cholinergic and the amyloid hypotheses. But the A-Beta is the most recent hypotheses in the field of  science since the A-Beta theory was updated in 2009. Then, I took my TA’s advice and went to find the biology behind the transmission of nerve impulses. Neurons have a part called the dendrites and this is where the neuron fires a correct impulse to another neuron through the axon. Axon is a long projection that connects nerve cells. Just like a normal cell, the neurons have cell membranes as well. When the neuron is not transmitting impulse, the reason is in its cell membrane. When the neuron cell is polarized, that is when the neuron is inactive. The outside of the cell contains excess sodium ions and the inside of the cell contains excess potassium ions. However, the inside of the cell is negative due to other negatively charged protein and nucleic acid molecules inside the cell. There are Na+/K+ pumps on the membranes and it is permeable! When the neuron gets stimulated, the sodium ions flow in to the cell and the neuron gets depolarized. When the neuron reaches the complete depolarization, impulse is transmitted through the axon and thus makes the cell active. When the impulse fires from a neuron, the other neuron at the end of the axon depolarizes and calcium ions are allowed to enter the cell. Then a chemical called a neurotransmitter is released into the synapse. The neurotransmitter then binds to proteins on the neuron membrane to receive the impulse. The proteins are the receptors of the many different neurotransmitter and the neurotransmitters does have specific receptor proteins. It is logical that when the neurons die from proteins of the Alzheimer’s disease, the synapses and impulse decreases and decreases. Therefore, I began to have questions about the effect and the symptoms of the Alzheimer’s disease due to the death of many neurons. Alzheimer’s disease equals the loss of neurons and synapses in the cerebral cortex. The most common effect and symptom of the Alzheimer’s disease is the loss of memory and mental skills. The chance of getting an Alzheimer’s disease is higher for older populations. The symptoms advance as the time passes. The speed of the progress of the disorder differs from person to person but most of them start with forgetfulness. It is probably the neuron transmission failure. As the brain neuron dies, the mental state of the human weakens and decreases. When the Alzheimer’s disease attacks the frontal lobe of the brain, the person’s mood swing can be dangerously unstable. It is because the frontal lobe controls the feeling and the behavior of a person. The person can also have problems  with washing and cleaning him/herself because another function of the frontal lobe of the brain is to plan things based on what is wrong and what is right. Also 40% of the Alzheimer’s patients have low appetite in food and have significant weight loss because as the neuron dies, the olfactory and taste nerves fails. All of these symptoms are all directly connected to the problems with the brain neurons. So my first starting question of ‘what causes Alzheimer’s disease neurologically?’ was answered. A simple but sophisticated disruption of a tiny neuron cells in the brain causes the Alzheimer’s disease. Then I began to think if there are any treatment researches going on in the field of biology. I found one research that caught my eyes and it was stem cells. Professor Kim of the Chung-Ang University in South Korea successfully restored a mouse’s brain function by transplanting a human nerve stem cell. He was able to transplant a stem cell containing acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter, and the articles said that the mouse restored its brain function to a normal state. Professor Kim’s work is also announced in an international journal called ‘Cell Transplantation.’ #7 Repeat (Modify, extend or reject) ‘What is the specific molecule (possibly a protein) that affects the neuron of the brains so it causes the Alzheimer’s disease neurologically?’ and ‘How will transplanting stem cell containing a neurotransmitter called ‘Acetycholine’ affect the human Alzheimer’s disease?’ These are my two refined questions after my exploration of the Alzheimer’s disease.   Reference and Citation http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nervous_system#Neurons http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alzheimers_disease http://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/understanding-the-transmission-of-nerve-impulses.html http://scienceblogs.com/purepedantry/2009/02/12/how-does-alzheimers-kill-neuro/ (Authors: N.H. Varvel, K. Bhaskar, A.R. Patil, S.W. Pimplikar, K. Herrup, B.T. Lamb) http://voices.yahoo.com/the-dreadful-effects-alzheimers-disease-116725.html?cat=70 (Publisher: Carl Kolchack, freelance article writer) http://blog.naver.com/vitaminmd?Redirect=LoglogNo=110133967592 (Publisher: Vitamin MD) http://www.medworld.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=63612 (Youn Sang Yong Reporter)

The Four Humors :: European Europe History

The Four Humors Medieval doctors had quite an understanding of the human anatomy, considering their lack of equipment and knowledge. Most doctors in medieval times were philosophers more than actual medical doctors as most people know them today. Much of the knowledge they did acquire may have only been speculation, but quite a bit of it was due to concentrated observation. Many scientists studied wounds and diseases intensely and one scientist in particular, Empedocles, came to the conclusion that that body consists of four main fluids, or humors. These humors were yellow bile, black bile, phlegm and blood. If one of these components was out of proportion in the body, disease occurred. The imbalance was called isonomia, an idea which was also proposed by the Greek scientist Empedocles. Empedocles followed the Pythagorean school of natural philosophers rather than the Hippocratic school as most other physicians in the time did. He felt people must use their senses, even though they are not thoroughly reliable at all times. The other schools preferred more mystic ideas as opposed to natural ones. He also hypothesized that all substances and objects were made up of air, fire, water, and earth in different proportions. His proposal of the four humors of the body was later accepted by the Hippocratic school. Each of Empedocles' four humors was connected to one of the four seasons. Black bile was considered to be a part of autumn, blood was associated with spring, phlegm with winter and summer with yellow bile. Each humor was identified with its corresponding season due to the belief that each humor contained certain qualities. These qualities were closely related to the conditions of the seasons. Thus yellow bile was thought of as hot and dry like summer. Its opposite, phlegm was cold and moist like winter. Black Bile was cold and dry, while its opposite, blood, was hot and moist, like their counterparts, autumn and spring. As well as being connected with seasons, the four humors were also linked to four elements of nature. Black bile was associated with Earth, blood with air, fire with yellow bile and phlegm with water. This theory of nature and the body being interrelated was also proposed by Empedocles. Also each of these was also connected with the type of personality one presented. Too much earth made a person melancholic, which meant they were very depressed and saddened often.

The Role of Performance Appraisal to Motivate Employee

How to Use Performance Appraisals to Motivate Employees By Ken Lloyd from Performance Appraisals and Phrases For Dummies Motivation is the process that energizes employees and propels them to pursue their goals. Well-designed and well-executed performance appraisals have a strong motivational impact. Appraisals have the power to motivate employees because they provide a number of interconnected benefits: They demonstrate the need for improvement. If employees don’t have a clear understanding of how they’ve been performing, they can’t be motivated to make any improvements. They meet higher-level psychological needs.Researchers continue to find that recognition is one of the most powerful forms of motivation for large numbers of employees. Although you can find numerous possible sources of recognition on the job, performance appraisals are an opportunity for employees to receive formal, significant, and enduring recognition from their manager. They build a sense of personal value. When managers take the time and effort to carefully review, analyze, document, and discuss performance with employees, the underlying message to the employees is that they’re important and valuable, and this alone is quite rewarding, whether the feedback is positive or not.They enhance personal development. Performance evaluations are motivational for employees who are looking to enhance their personal learning, growth, and development. Appraisals are a highly valuable source of information, insights, and tools necessary for such progress. Performance appraisals are similarly motivational for employees whose needs are centered on achievement, goal attainment, and sensing personal effectiveness, respect, and trust. They turn employees around. When employees are performing poorly, performance appraisals can provide the wakeup call that they need to get refocused and reenergized.With performance appraisal, however, the purpose of the session is not strictly disc iplinary, so the employee is more likely to walk in with a more receptive and open mind. As a result, your comments regarding an employee’s questionable performance have an excellent chance of being heard and generating action as a result. They increase satisfaction. When performance appraisals meet the employees’ needs in such areas as gaining recognition, sensing achievement and competence, experiencing growth, and meeting objectives, they’re also contributing to the employees’ job satisfaction, and this is one of the most important elements at work today.When employees are satisfied, some of the most visible indicators are reduced turnover, absenteeism, and tardiness. On the flip side, when employees are subjected to a shoddy or even nonexistent performance appraisal system, the opportunities to fulfill these higher-level employee needs are substantially reduced. How to Use Performance Appraisals to Motivate Employees By Ken Lloyd from Performance Appr aisals and Phrases For Dummies http://www. dummies. com/how-to/content/how-to-use-performance-appraisals-to-motivate-empl. html

Influences of China Essay - 698 Words

Daoism, Confucianism, and Legalism To understand China’s current government you need to look at its influences. Daoism involves a deep acceptance of the rhythms of nature and the way of all things (World Religions); which effects people’s personal beliefs and is one of China’s main religions. Confucianism helped pave the way for communism and still is a powerful philosophy today. The ideas of Legalism directly affect the Chinese government. Despite the fact that modern China is one of the largest countries in terms of geography and population, its communist government is able to maintain control over the country in part because of the influence of Daoism, Confucianism and, Legalism. Daoism or Taoism is philosophical and religious†¦show more content†¦Confucianism also believed every person was equal; Communism strives to make all people equal. The facts states in this paragraph show that Communism and Chinese society is influenced by Confucianism because of the direct links between Confuc ianism and Communism. Legalism was founded by a bunch of philosophers and Legalism believes in severe punishments and laws are the key to social order. Communism and legalism have many things in common. For instance, Legalism is excessive conformity of the law or religious moral code (Merriam and Webster), like communism. A highly efficient and powerful government is another idea of legalism. Communism also has a highly efficient and powerful government, so they can maintain control over the country. The third thing that relates the two is strict laws and harsh punishments are in both forms of government. Despite the fact that modern China is one of the largest countries in terms of geography and population, its communist government is able to maintain control over the country in part because of the influence of Daoism, Confucianism and, Legalism. Daoism is the main religion of China and has a major effect on the Chinese culture and people. Confucianism helped mold China’s people and society. Legalist’s ideas are still present in China’s current government. China’s power and efficiency is attributed to its history and roots of Daoism, Confucianism, and Legalism. Works Cited 50 Years of Communism inShow MoreRelatedChina s Influence On The China Of The 21st Century864 Words   |  4 Pagesdirect influence on the China of the 21st century. First, the immense importance of the cultivation of rice, which became a staple source of food in China for centuries. Next, the primary source of accounts of ancient china comes from the Shujing, which spanned the Xia, Shang, and Zhou empires. Furthermore, The power women could hold reached its heights during the Shang empire, and underwent a downward trajectory during the Zhou empire. Moreover, regime changes have had a unique outcomes in China dueRead MoreChina s Influence On Economy1552 Words   |  7 Pagesbetween diverse countries is increasing extremely intense. With the rise of the third world, as the biggest part of it, China’s influence in economy has become a controversial issue due to the prosperity of economy. To be more specific, China became the second-largest economy in 2011(McCurry,J and Kollewe J,2011).And in recent years, according the data in the bar chart below, China GDP’s is growing rapidly and the growth rate is staying between 7% and 8% before 2015. At the same time, because of the developmentRead MoreChina s Influence On The People s Republic Of China859 Words   |  4 Pagesdiscussing Communism in regards to climate change and the importance placed upon its respecting policies it is perhaps best and most relevant to focus upon the People’s Republic of China. This is due to both China’s size and influence, along with its ranking as the leading producer of CO2 worldwide. Present day China is not a purely Communist country according to the teachings of classical/neo-Marxism or orthodox Communism. Rather it’s more of political Stalinism infused with market-oriented economicRead MoreForeign Powers Influence On China2256 Words   |  10 Pages1900s China saw a century of fluctuating development and progress, which is recognised through various political, economic and social changes. The early division of the period encountered some change for the country yet this was not as significant as the latter change in which China’s political landscape metamorphosed into one of total contrast to the former. Foreign intervention was of course a reason and usually the root cause for the changes that occurred, particularly in the first half of theRead MoreThe Influence Of Neo Confucianism On China1066 Words   |  5 PagesIn china there has been no central rule in China for 70 years until the Song Dynasty created in 960. Things started to change in C hina, for example, the government started to aid the poor a lot more than what they have in the past. They were getting this money from the newly introduced income tax. This made a lot of people happy and everyone started to have more patriotism and pride. This pride gave the government a feel of legitimacy. Some of the major things the government is paying for is theRead MoreNew Imperialism Influence on China Essay586 Words   |  3 PagesBefore the arrival of western powers, China was very stable, agricultural, and ethnocentric. They had many factories that produced silk, cotton, and porcelain with their natural resources: salt, tin, silver, and iron mines. They had no interest of trade or interaction with foreigners. From the early eighteenth century, European and American Imperialism spread throughout China with a goal to extend their nation’s power. China was one of many territories that undertook the changes of New ImperialismRead MoreWestern Influence in China and Jap an Essay1649 Words   |  7 PagesChina and Japan are two unique civilizations that went through similar, yet vastly different changes throughout their histories. Their growth and response to other nations differed in many ways in government, lifestyle, and general well-being. One of the main causes for such difference between the countries is the way the West influenced each region, and the way China and Japan responded to this influence. China focused more on the idea of being a status oriented society, while Japan was moreRead MoreThe Influence of Silk and the Silk Road in China808 Words   |  3 PagesChina has more than 5,000 years of history and has changed dramatically over time. Silk and the Silk Road were both responsible for much of the change, beginning when silk became well known and frequently demanded by other countries. Many routes were created, running through all parts of the world exporting silk. As the invention flourished, the routes intertwined to form a tr ading system that was created and expanded over time. This influential route became know as the Silk Road and soon channeledRead MoreChina and India, Western Influence on Youth924 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ China and India, Western Influence on Youth BUS 330 Over the last decade China and India have adopted trends from western-styles. These are two heavily populated countries and their youth are gravitate more to western styles. There are many goods and services that can be offered to their marketers. This paper will describe the products that interest these youth markets. Compare and contrast the micro- and macro-environmental forces that influence the marketing strategies for these goodsRead MoreTaoism : A Major Influence On China And Its Culture1975 Words   |  8 Pages For over 2000 years Taoism has been a major influence on China and its culture, but what exactly is Taoism? Taoism is a philosophical religion that has a complex origin and a unique way of perceiving the meaning of life, and to understand this distinct religion it is important for an individual to know of its history, sacred sites, teachings and beliefs, practices, holidays, and presence in the modern world. To start, the origin of Taoism, as with many ancient religions, is very difficult

Martin Luther King Jr I Have a Dream Speech Critique Essay

I HAVE A DREAM SPEECH CRITIQUE This speech took place on August 28, 1963 millions of citizens, children, law and policy makers attended while 250,000 watched on TV as a Baptist Preacher ,a Boston University Graduate Dr, Martin Luther King stood behind a podium. He established an immediate rapport with an ever changing audience and communicated on a meaningful level, by appealing to moral conscience of Americans standing on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial. He gave the rhetorical demands that racial justice no longer shall people be divided by race or religion. Although at the time it wasnt the case, it was a future vision that all people are created equal ( M.L.K.) The central Idea or purpose of his speech was and is to†¦show more content†¦( M.L.K.). Allerations that were stated by King in the speech were Symbolic shadow we stand today this was in reference to standing on the steps of the Lincoln memorial to the president who defeated southern states over slavery. Being behind a great leader mean ing the father of Emancipation Proclamation Lincoln. Another alleration is We can never be satisfied as long as our children are stripped of the self-hood and robbed of their dignity by signs stating(M.L.K.).The repetitition in the speech is with rhythm and was actually not even in the original speech the whole part of the speech when King states I Have A Dream was add libbed the day of the speech. King uses repetition to touch on main points that King wants to express the most and generate strong emotion to and among leaders. When king keeps repeating I Have A Dream, Let Freedom Ring.it is merely a technique to aid in memorability. Allegory in the speech is Negro being free, and Persuading you to see and want the same. The Forecasting King used in the speech was stating in the beginning of the speechShow MoreRelatedThe Swinging Sixties: A Time of Civil Resistance Essay987 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Free at last† were the words of a legendary man who would later inspire change throughout the world. Through his panoply of work, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. challenged the popular idea of African Americans being of less status than â€Å"white men†. His I Have a Dream speech is recognized across the world, not only as inspiration for blacks everywhere, but also as a prime example of non-violent civic activism. King’s main objective was to achieve the equality that blacks had been deprived of. He discussedRead More Martin Luther King Jrs Impact on the Civil Rights Movement Essay1565 Words   |  7 PagesMartin Luther King Jrs Impact on the Civil Rights Movement Martin Luther Kings I Have a Dream speech directly contributed to the Civil Rights movement. While delivering his speech at a kairotic moment, King tells us how blacks have been serving an injustice and that they should be treated equally. Much had transpired before the speech was delivered. As civil rights protests spread throughout the nation, King continued to combine peaceful methods of protest and his theological trainingRead MoreJohn F. Kennedys Agenda in Civil Rights Address1133 Words   |  5 Pagestook the presidential office in January of 1961, the United States was at the forefront of the civil rights movement. Kennedy inherited a country that was mostly segregated in the southern states. African American civil rights leaders such as Martin Luther King Jr. were busy trying to unify the south to allow for all equal rights. Protests, sit-in’s, and demonstrations became a common occurrence as African American people were being discriminated against. President Kennedy used his presidency to helpRead MoreFamous Thinkers: Immanuel Kant and Martin Luther King Jr.1282 Words   |  5 PagesFamous Thinkers: Immanuel Kant and Martin Luther King, Jr. Introduction Throughout history, across time and space, there have been many thinkers whose teachings and ideas have inspired significant changes in the world around them. From Socrates and Sir Isaac Newton to Charles Darwin and Albert Einstein, certain individuals throughout history have had both the brainpower and the motivation to essentially change the future, using their new ideas and beliefs to shape the worlds next generationsRead MoreEssay on My Soul Is Rested1383 Words   |  6 PagesMy Soul Is Rested: A Critique of Raines Work. The Civil Rights Movement in the Deep South is one that is well known and familiar to us all. We all know of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., the charismatic preacher who was undisputedly the leader of the civil rights movement in the South. We have all also heard of Rosa Parks, the black woman who would not give up her seat in the bus and was thus arrested for it, she was the catalyst that sparked the civil rights movement. They were the famous peopleRead MoreFamous Thinker2262 Words   |  10 PagesThinkers Paper Jason Terry PHL/458 September 25, 2012 Cher Summers Famous Thinkers Paper Looking back throughout history many famous thinkers have made an impact on society; however, not as much as Dr. Martin Luther King; a people’s man or Mr. Bill Gates a business hero. After researching these two famous thinkers and their contributions to society I will identify the problems each wanted to solve, the solutions to the problems and the implementation of those solutions. The exploration of eachRead MorePhl458 Famous Thinker Paper Wk 42316 Words   |  10 PagesFamous Thinkers PHL/458 Famous Thinkers Many famous thinkers have made an impact on society; however, none as much as Dr. King; a people’s man or Warren Buffet; a businessman. After an in-depth analysis of the thinkers and their contributions one will identify the problems each sought to solve, the solutions each found, and implementation of those solutions. Moreover, exploration of each thinker’s social, political, and personal environments will show how those factors contributed to theirRead MoreNelson Mandela: A Modern Oratorical Master776 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿ History has proven time and again, across every historical era and cultural period, that those who are capable of naturally delivering intelligent and inspirational oratory have the unique potential to inspire individuals to action, motivate the formation of mass movements, and effect social changes on a grand scale. 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After she notices her son stops going to work and all he doesRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement And Mccarthyism1862 Words   |  8 PagesChristians are honorable people in the face of their wrongful death as they are seen singing the gospel which contrasts with images of Nero’s sadistic performances over the destruction he causes. The Christians, later including Marcus Vinicius, also have mid-western American accents and a stance for â€Å"brotherhood, peace and belief in one God,† which American audiences could easily identify with (Richards 58). On the other hand, â€Å"the Roman Empire is the ultimate totalitarian society, characterized by

Government Corruption Exposing The Truth - 2940 Words

Chase Kleine English 1020 Mr. Stevens December 1, 2014 Government Corruption Exposing the Truth What is one world problem that can be reduced drastically by citizens of the world? That would be political and governmental corruption. Some countries it may be easier to have a impact than others like in America and that is why as an American citizen taking the most steps that we can to help this problem is not just our right but our duty. In the United States contrary to the average citizens conditioning towards the government corruption isn’t really as bad compared to many countries. But no matter the size a problem it remains what it is, a problem. Through the research that I have done I believe there is many ways as a people we can reduce the substantial issue around the world. It will take a great deal of help from law makers, politicians, teachers, the media, and most importantly the everyday citizen.In order to work towards a solution it is imperative to have a sound background and prospective from a world view. A little girl barely of age to attend school lies in a hospital bed fading from life while her mom and dad desperately plead with doctors to give her the meds that she needs, but because of out of control corruption the doctors have no access to the medicines needed to treat this sick girl. This situation is just an average day throughout many African nations such as Liberia, Zimbabwe, and Nigeria due to humanitarian packages full of medical supplies beingShow MoreRelatedYes. It Was Ethical For Mander To Expose Both The Fbi And897 Words   |  4 Pagesthe FBI and NSA for their corruption. In choosing his course of action, he did not violate any of the tenets of the Principle of Respect for Persons: he did give every person sympathetic consideration by not rushing to judgement and taking the necessary time to consider the evidence before forming a conclusion. Furthermore, Mander did not treat another individual as a mere possession that was expendable. On the contrary, by exposing t he FBI and NSA for their corruption, he ensured the abuse wouldRead MoreOpposition to Leakers - Government Whistleblowers Expose Classified Information741 Words   |  3 PagesAre government whistleblowers acting in the public interest, or do they endanger the public by exposing classified information? Just as government transparency has waned in recent years, there have been several instances of very public national intelligence whistle-blowing. 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The latter might endanger the morals of an individual, the former invariably endangers the morals of the entire country.† For decades, the United States has been one the most notable countries to come under fire with reports of government corruption. During the dawn of the new millennium the Transparency Corruption began to publish their Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI), a culmination of assessments andRead MoreEgypt s Press Freedom Issue And How The Government Is Responsible1533 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Once a global beacon, the American press has suffered from scandal, unpopularity and government crackdo wns†. In this paper, I will be explaining Egypt’s press freedom issue and how the government is responsible. Egypt is an Arab country located in the corner of North Africa, close to the Middle East. Egypt is a diverse country with many religions, mainly Islam and Christianity. Egyt has a population of over 82 million. 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Besides the wide amount of success in this era, society was unbalanced with hierarchy, with a competition of the common people and successful business, as laborers fought for recognition and equality with government and business. No o ne calling out the corrupt nation besidesRead MoreA Small Place Part 3 Rhetorical Analysis1373 Words   |  6 Pagesnovel Kincaid is trying to inform her audience that Antigua is in a poor state due to British imperial, government corruption, and tourism. Kincaid exposes her audience to the effect of these very problems in Antigua by using persuasive visual language. In the third part of Jamaica Kincaid’s A Small Place, Kincaid does an exceptional job in arguing that, her country Antigua has corrupt government officials due to British influence by appealing effectively to pathos, logos, and ethos. Antigua is aRead MoreThe Mystery Of The Chocolate War By Robert Cormier1593 Words   |  7 Pagesat its best can capture people beyond merely reading is covering up the hard truth of non-fiction. Truths are revealed about our society, reality, and human conditioning. The mystery is solved by playing with the readers emotions, leading them to take a different perspective on the view of the world. Fictional works are falsehoods, that reveal truths in a more eloquent fashion rather than non-fiction, by exposing corruption and imperfections of the real world, such as issues of Nazism – represented

Human Rights Foreign Policy

Question: Discuss about the Human Rightsfor Foreign Policy. Answer: Introduction Human rights issues are highly considered as issues of social significance in the contemporary times of uncertainty and change. This report seeks to discuss on the role of academics and their researches in the issue of human rights and their contribution towards handling the challenges that are faced in that context. Australia is notoriously renowned for their low human rights standards. They have been rebuked largely for failing in managing indigenous health, counter-terrorism, foreign policy and more (NewsComAu 2016). Academics have studied these issues extensively, put in their useful opinions in the matter, and attempted to help mellow down the situation with recommendations. This report would focus on two academics, Professor Sandra Gifford from Swinburne Institute for Social Research and Dr Lisa Hartley from Curtin University. Both of their contribution in the field of human rights issues would be analysed and compared to find out which one is more useful in the context. Issue and Academics Human rights follow the basic concept of all human beings being equally created and deserving equal treatment. It is the belief none of the human beings deserve to be treated unfairly based on their ethnicity, religion, gender, financial status, origin country, age or any other parameter of discrimination. Its main agenda is that every individual receives the basic needs of food, water, shelter and clothing (Donnelly 2013). Several people agree on a basic definition of human rights, but there are many who do disagree and that gives rise to many global issues. Some of the current issues of human rights abuse include injustice against children, women, refugees and disabled people, international injustice, religious freedom and labor rights (Fariss 2014). The two academics, whose articles are to be discussed in the purview of human rights, both have a rich background of human rights research behind them. Sandra Gifford is currently a professor of Anthropology and Refugee Studies at the Swinburne Institute for Social Research, Australia. Prior to that, she was engaged as a founding director of the La Trobe Refugee Research Centre - La Trobe University. With her background in medical anthropology, she extensively researched on the issues of ethnicity, migration, settlement and health in the Australian context. Sandra mostly contributes and supervises in the fields of refugee settlement, young people having a refugee background, identity and belonging and the employment of ICTs in enforced migration and displacement (Swinburne.edu.au 2017). Lisa Hartley at present works at the Centre for Human Rights Education and has been associated since 2012. She has spread out in interdisciplinary teaching and research in the field of human rights and social change. She is driven by the desire to close the gap between theory and practice. Her studies expand across the domains of refugee and migrant issues, community and social psychology. She touches upon topics of refugee resettlement concerns, refugees and asylum seekers rights and bigotry towards marginalized social groups and intercessions for reduction in prejudice. She has a wide range of experience in casework and advocacy by working for asylum seekers in immigration detention and refugees in the society (Oasisapps.curtin.edu.au 2017). Analysis Taking Sandra Griffords research journal Working for a better life: Longitudinal evidence on the predictors of employment among recently arrived refugee migrant men living in Australia, which she wrote with fellow researchers Ignacio Correa-Velez and Adrian G Barnett, it can be seen that her research can be considered as one of the very few longitudinal studies on refugee migrant employment. Although she specializes in young people researches, this particular study focuses on adult men, refugees, and the predictors of their employment. The predictors of employment identified by her in this particular study significantly helped in understanding the employment patterns in the market for migrant workers. The perseverance she showed in completing this research, which needed her to extend it for two years to get the longitudinal data, shows her commitment towards her work (Von Culin, Tsukayama and Duckworth 2014). Sandras specialty lies in ethnographic longitudinal studies that has been c arried out with the help of a mixing of methods stretching from homogenous surveys and comprehensive interviewing to digital media, film and hands-on art based approaches. Her major research interests count in forced migration and anthropology that encompasses all her research works. In comparison to Sandras work, Lisa Hartleys research paper Asylum Seekers and Resettled Refugees in Australia: Predicting Social Policy Attitude From Prejudice Versus Emotion that she has composed with the help of fellow researcher Anne Pedersen focuses entirely on a different aspect. Her paper examines the initial situation refugees and asylum seekers face on arrival in Australia, the social policy attitudes for examining of prejudice and the predictors of these attitudes. Similar to Sandy Giffords research, Hartleys paper People Seeking Asylum in Australia and their Access to Employment: Just What Do We Know? that she composed together with Caroline Fleay and Anita Lumbus also examines the employment situation of refugees and asylum seekers. She has a different approach to the situation, using research reviews on employment experiences and policies for acquiring a more nuanced picture. What she finds from her research are almost similar to that of Giffords employment situations a nd opportunities improve with time for the refugees and asylum seekers. She also talks about prejudice and how the representations in front of the public determines the publics attitudes towards them. In another of Hartleys research she conducted with Anne Pedersen, Can We Make a Difference? Prejudice Towards Asylum Seekers in Australia and the Effectiveness of Antiprejudice Interventions, she made it a point to find out about the antecedents that lead to prejudice against asylum seekers (Smith 2014). She even discusses about the practical implications of the antiprejudicial interventions. Hartley has her interest fixed on areas of refugee rights and womens rights. She is in constant coordination with the Human Rights Project units of the Master in Human Rights course. Findings Gifford has her eyes set on finding the patterns of migration injustices in terms of education focusing majorly on young people. Her background in medical anthropology drives her need to connect the refugee injustices with sociological patterns. The conducts her research around forced migration and the resettled asylum seekers. Her papers come under the overall category of social change and humanitarianism. On the other hand, Hartley has a much broader categories of topics under her sleeves. She reaches across the subjects of migrant studies, sociology, community and social psychology. She has a genuine attempt towards mitigating the injustices and depressive situations the refugees come face-to-face with. Instead of sticking to just one variable in her researches she explores multiple others (Bryman and Bell 2015). This makes her contribution in the field more broad and diverse. Conclusion Human rights have been seen in this report in a single way the injustice that takes place against refugees and asylum seekers and the prejudice they face. Two researchers, Sandra Gifford and Lisa Hartley have been chosen to compare their contribution in this field. They both have significant contributions in this human rights field of research. They both assess the situations the refugees and forced migrants in Australia face. Their research work, if compared shows Gifford looks at the employment variable and the situations of young people, whereas Hartley looks at the situations and issues in a much broader perspective. Recommendation In the context of the dire and depressing situation migrant and asylum seekers face in Australia in terms of attitude and employment, certain recommendations can be put forward to aid them further: Helping the Red Cross in Australia, who attempts to enhance the predicament of asylum seekers and refugees, by giving crisis money related alleviation and connecting individuals to lodging, training and social bolster programs. Amnesty International has nearby activity gathers crosswise over Australia that work to bring issues to light about a scope of human rights issues, including asylum seekers. These gatherings meet month to month to examine issues and choose viable approaches to bring issues to light, raise finances and make a move to have human rights affect. References Bryman, A. and Bell, E., 2015.Business research methods. Oxford University Press, USA. Donnelly, J., 2013.Universal human rights in theory and practice. Cornell University Press. Fariss, C.J., 2014. Respect for human rights has improved over time: Modeling the changing standard of accountability.American Political Science Review,108(02), pp.297-318. NewsComAu. 2016. Advance Australia not fair: Oz named and shamed. [online] Available at: https://www.news.com.au/lifestyle/real-life/news-life/human-rights-watch-world-report-2016-australia-criticised/news-story/94577b43adcaadbaede97eb162d41d45 Oasisapps.curtin.edu.au. 2017. View staff profile. [online] Available at: https://oasisapps.curtin.edu.au/staff/profile/view/Lisa.Hartley Smith, E.R., 2014. Social identity and social emotions: toward new concepitualizations of prejudice.Affect, cognition and stereotyping: Interactive processes in group perception,297. Swinburne.edu.au. 2017. Profile | Swinburne University of Technology. [online] Available at: https://www.swinburne.edu.au/health-arts-design/staff/profile/index.php?id=sgifford Von Culin, K.R., Tsukayama, E. and Duckworth, A.L., 2014. Unpacking grit: Motivational correlates of perseverance and passion for long-term goals.The Journal of Positive Psychology,9(4), pp.306-312. Bibliography Correa?Velez, I., Barnett, A.G. and Gifford, S., 2015. Working for a better life: Longitudinal evidence on the predictors of employment among recently arrived refugee migrant men living in Australia.International Migration,53(2), pp.321-337. Fleay, C., Lumbus, A. and Hartley, L., 2016. People Seeking Asylum in Australia and their Access to Employment: Just What Do We Know?.Cosmopolitan Civil Societies: An Interdisciplinary Journal,8(2), pp.63-83. Hartley, L.K. and Pedersen, A., 2015. Asylum seekers and resettled refugees in Australia: Predicting social policy attitude from prejudice versus emotion.Journal of Social and Political Psychology,3(1), pp.179-197. Pedersen, A. and Hartley, L.K., 2015. Can we make a difference? Prejudice towards asylum seekers in Australia and the effectiveness of antiprejudice interventions.Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology,9(01), pp.1-14.